Introduction, Burning candle wax in air.
Answer Text: WATER AND HYDROGEN.Introduction:- Water is the most abundant substances on earth;- It covers about 71% of the earth’s surface;- Main sources of water include seas, lakes, rivers, oceans.Burning candle wax in air.Apparatus:Procedure.- The candle is lit under the funnel and the suction pump turned on.- The set up is left undisturbed for about 15 minutes.Observations;- The candle continues to burn.- Droplets of a colourless liquid in the tube A;- The colourless liquid turns white anhydrous copper (II) sulphate to blue and blue anhydrous cobalt (II) chloride into pink;- A white precipitate forms in the calcium hydroxide in tube B;- Deposits of a black solid on the inner sides of the funnel;Explanations;- The suction pump ensures continuous supply of air hence the candle continues to burn;- Candle wax buns in oxygen to form carbon (IV) oxide and steam;- The carbon (IV) oxide is sucked out through the apparatus by the suction pump;- Carbon (IV) oxide forms a white precipitate of calcium carbonate when bubbled through lime water (calcium hydroxide)- Incomplete combustion of the carbon in the candle wax produces carbon particles which cools and deposits as black solids;Equations:As the candle burns:Carbon + Oxygen → Carbon (IV) oxide; C(s)+O2(g)→CO2(g); Hydrogen + Oxygen → water2H2(g)+O2(g)→2H2O(g);For the formation of the black deposits (soot)Carbon + Oxygen → Carbon+ Carbon (IV) oxide; 2C(s)+O2(g)→C(s)+CO2(g);In the calcium hydroxide:Carbon (IV) oxide + calcium hydroxide → Calcium carbonate + WaterColourless Colourless White precipitateColourlessCO2(g)+Ca(OH)2(aq)→CaCO3(s)+H2O(l);- The steam condenses into water in the boiling tube;- Water turns white anhydrous copper (II) sulphate to blue and blue anhydrous cobalt chloride paper into pink;General equation:Hydrocarbon + Oxygen →Water + Carbon (IV) oxide;Conclusion:- Candle wax is a compound of carbon and hydrogen only; and such compounds are defined ashydrocarbons;- When burned in air (oxygen) hydrocarbons produce carbon (IV) oxide and steam (water);- Other examples of hydrocarbons include: petrol; diesel; kerosene etc;