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 Social, Political and Economic Developments and Challenges in Kenya

Factors that led to the development of multiparty democracy in Kenya after 1991.
a) International pressure from multilateral and bilateral donors. The western donors took advantage of the collapse of the Soviet Union.
b) Disunity in KANU. There was pressure from individuals who had been expelled from KANU without political alternatives.
c) Existence of people who were ready to push democratic agenda ahead. This included the civil society, the lawyers and intellectuals. E.g the Law
Society of Kenya led by Paul Muite.
d) Success of multi-party in other African countries. In Zambia for example, Chiluba’s Movement for Multiparty Democracy defeated Kaunda’s United National Independence Party.
e) Pressure from the church. Several church leaders, among them Alexander Muge, Bishop Henry Okullu and Rev. Timothy Njoya called upon the government to create an en environment in which Kenyans could participate in governance.
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