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Introduction:definition of refraction

Answer Text:
REFRACTION OF LIGHT
Introduction
Refraction is the change of direction of light rays as they pass at an angle from one medium to another of different optical densities.
Exp. To investigate the path of light through rectangular glass block.
Apparatus: - soft-board, white sheet of paper, drawing pins (optical), rectangular glass block.
Procedure
1. Fix the white plain paper on the soft board using pins.
2. Place the glass block on the paper and trace its outline, label it ABCD as shown below.
3. Draw a normal NON at point O.
4. Replace the glass block to its original position.
5. Stick two pins P1 and P2 on the line such that they are at least 6cm apart and upright.
6. Viewing pins P1 and P2 from opposite side, fix pins P3 and P4 such that they’re in a straight line.
7. Remove the pins and the glass block.
8. Draw a line joining P3 and P4 and produce it to meet the outline face AB at point O

Explanation of refraction. Light travels at a velocity of #3.0times10^8# in a vacuum. Light travels with different velocities in different media.
-When a ray of light travels from an optically less dense media to more dense media, it is refracted towards the normal. The glass block experiment gives rise to a very important law known as the law of reversibility which states that “if a ray of light is reversed, it always travels along its original
path”. If the glass block is parallel-sided, the emergent ray will be parallel to the incident ray but displaced laterally as shown

- ‘e’ is called the angle of emergence. The direction of the light is not altered but displaced sideways. This displacement is called lateral displacement and is denoted
by‘d’. Therefore XY= t/Cos r YZ= Sin (i -
r) × x y So, lateral displacement, d = t Sin (i - r)/Cos r