Explain how the mammalian skin is adapted to perform its functions.
Answer Text: The mammalian skin is made of two layers; the epidermis and the dermis;- The epidermis is the outermost layer and is also divided into; cornified layer which is the outer most; made up of dead cells; whose function is to protect the inner parts of the skin; from mechanical injury or infection- Cornified layer also reduces water loss/deccication; cells of this layer also produce water proof protein called Keratin which strenghtens them;- The granular layer is the middle layer consisting of living; cells which upon their death form the cornified layer;- The malpigian layer is the innermost layer of the epidermis and is made up of actively dividing cells; to renew the epidermis;- The cells in this layer also contain melanin pigment which determine skin pigmentation; melanin also absorbs ultraviolet light thus preventing damage by light rays; cosmetics and creams may destro melanin causing damage to skin;- The dermis is located beneath the epidermis and it contains sweatglands; hair follicles; blood capillaries, sebaceous glands, sensory nerve endeings and adipose tissue;- Sweat flands; they are tiny coiled tubes which secrete sweat through sweat pores on the surface of skin and evaporates to contribute to excretion and homeostasis;- Sweatglands are closely linked with blood capillaries which supply substances that form sweat;- Blood capillaries in the dermis of the skin and their function is to supply oxygen and nutrients to skin cels as well as removal of carbon IV oxide and metabolic wastes;- Hair follicles; these are tiny pits in their dermis;- Sebaceous gland - They are small glands which open into hair follicles; they produce an oily substance called sebum; which keeps the skin soft, smooth and supple. Sebum also kills bacteria/microorganisms on skin; due to its antiseptic property;- Erector muscle; These are smooth muscles connecting hair follicles and the malpigian layer; They contract and relax to make hair upright or lie flat respectively; to regulate body temperature;- Adipose tissue; is located beneath the dermis and is made up of cells which store fats to form the subcutaneous flat layer;-This layer acts as a heat insulator; thus regulating body temperature in animals that live in very cold places; It also acts as a food reservoir;- Sensory nerve endings detect and respond to stimuli such as touch, pain and temperature
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