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Sources of heat: examples of apparatus used for heating and functions of various parts of the burnsen burner

Answer Text:
SOURCES OF HEAT
Examples of apparatus used for heating are Bunsen burner, spirit lamp candle, gas stove Kerosene stove and electric heater
The Bunsen burner.
- is the most common heating apparatus in the laboratory.
- Was invented by a German scientist known as Wilhelm Bunsen hence the name.
- It uses natural (cooking) gas for heating.
Parts of a bunsen burner
- Chimney
- The air hole
- Collar
- The jet
- Base
- Gas inlet
Functions of the various
parts:

The chimney:
- It is a hollow metallic cylinder with an air hole near its lower end.
Function:
- allows air and the laboratory gas from the jet mix before they start burning at the upper end of the chimney.
- Its upper opened end provided a site where the gas burns.
The air hole:
- Is a small aperture found at the lower end of the chimney and smaller than the collar.
- Its diameter (size) is regulated by the collar.
Function:
- Allows air (oxygen) to enter and mix with the laboratory gas in the chimney.
The collar:
- Is a metallic ring with an air hole whose diameter is the same size as that of the air hole in the chimney.
- It fits into the lower part of the chimney; and can rotate around the chimney opening or closing the air hole.
Function:
- Regulates the amount of air entering the chimney.
The jet:
- It is a very tiny opening just below the air hole, that connects the gas inlet to the
chimney.
Function:
- allows the laboratory gas (methane) into the chimney at high pressure.
- The gas inlet:
- It is a hollow metal connected to the base and extending into the jet.
- Its external opening is usually connected to a rubber tubing that is connected to a gas tap.
Function:
- Allows laboratory gas from the cylinders (reservoirs) in the lab; through the gas taps into the Bunsen burner.
The base:
- A thick heavy metal, that is usually circular or oval.
Function:
- It supports the Bunsen burner on the bench.