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Form 2 Chemistry questions and answers on structure and bonding
Both chorine and iodine are halogens.
(a)What are halogens?
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1.
The table below shows some properties of substances E, F, G and H Select the substance that would be most suitable (a) For making a cooking pot (b) As a thermal insulator
2.
Study the information below and answer the questions that follow: The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements. (i)Which elements are metals? Give a reason. (ii) Write the formula of the compound formed when element H reacts with element K. (iii) Explain why the melting point of J is higher than that of K. (iv) What is the oxidation state of J in its chloride. (v) How does the:
3.
Diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon. In terms of structure and bonding explain the following: (a)Diamond is used in drilling through hard rocks. (b)Graphite is used as a lubricant.
4.
What type of bond is formed when lithium and fluorine react? Explain. ( Atomic numbers: Li=3 and F=9)
5.
Use the information in the table below to answer the question that follows. Explain the trend in the molar heats of vaporization.
6.
Study the information in the table below and answer the questions that follow. The letters do not represent the symbols of the elements. (a)Write the electron arrangement for the ions formed by elements M and Q (b)Select an element which is (i) the most reactive non-metal (ii) a poor conductor of electricity (c ) In which period of the periodic table does element R belong? (d) Element R loses its
7.
Compound Q is a solid with a giant ionic structure. In what forms would the compound conduct an electric current?
8.
The table below shows the properties of substances K, L, M an N. Select the substances which are likely to be: (a) Copper metal. (b) Magnesium chloride.
9.
The melting point of phosphorous trichloride is #-91^0C# while that of magnesium chloride is #715^0C#. In terms of bonding, explain the difference in their melting points.
10.
Oxygen and sulphur belong to group (VI of the periodic table. Explain why there is a big difference in their melting points (melting point of oxygen is #-216^0C# while that of sulphur is #44^0C#.)
11.
With reference to iodine, distinguish between covalent bonds and Van Der Waals forces.
12.
The table below gives some information about the electrical conductivity and the likely bonding in substances N, P and Q. Complete the table by inserting the missing information in the spaces numbered I, II and III.
13.
Using dots (.) and crosses (x) to represent electrons, show bonding in the compounds formed when the following elements react: (Si=14, Na=11 and Cl=17) (a)Sodium and chlorine
14.
The atomic numbers of elements C and D are 19 and 9 respectively. State and explain the electrical conductivity of the compound CD in: (a)Solid state. (b) aqueous state.
15.
(a)Distinguish between a covalent bond and a co-ordinate bond. (b)Draw a diagram to show bonding in an ammonium ion. (N=7,H=1)
16.
Both chorine and iodine are halogens. (a)What are halogens?
17.
Using dots ( .) and crosses ( X) to represent outermost electrons, draw diagrams to show bonding in #CO_2# and #H_3O^(+# ( Atomic numbers; H=1, C=6, O =8).
18.
The table below shows some properties of substances C, D and E. Study it and answer the questions that follow. Select a substance: (a ) with a giant molecular structure. (b)that is not likely to be an element.
19.
Study the information given in the table below and answer the questions that follow. The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements (a)Select the elements which belong to the same: (i)Group (ii)Period (b) Which element: (i) is in gaseous state at room temperature? Explain. (Take room temperature to be 298K) (ii) does not form an oxide? (c ) Write the formula of the nitrate of the
20.
(a)An atom Q can be represented as #\ _24^52Q# What does the number 52 represent? (b)Study the information in the table below and answer the questions that follow (Letters are not the actual symbols of the elements). (i)Write the formula of the of the compound formed when N reacts with P. ( Atomic numbers are N=20;P=17) (ii) Identify the elements which belong to the third period of the periodic
21.
The table below gives atomic numbers of elements represented by the letters a, B, C and D. Use the information to answer the questions that follow. a) Name the type of bonding that exists in the compound formed when A and D react b) Select the letter which represents the best oxidizing agent. Give a reason for your answer.
22.
The atomic number of sulphur is 16. Write the electron arrangement of sulphur in the following: (a) #H_2S# (b) #SO_3^(2-)#
23.
In terms of structure and bonding, explain why the melting point of oxygen is much lower than that of sodium.
24.
An isotope of element E has 34 neutrons and its mass number is 64. E forms a cation with 28 electrons. Write the formula of the cation indicating the mass and atomic numbers.
25.
Using dots (.) and crosses (x) , show bonding in: a) The compound formed when nitrogen reacts with fluorine (Atomic numbers F=9, N=7) b) Sodium oxide.(Atomic numbers Na= 11, 0 = 8)
26.
The structure of methanoic acid is What is the total number of electrons used for bonding in a molecule of methanoic acid? Give reasons.
27.
The boiling points of some compounds of hydrogen with some elements in groups 4 and 6 of the periodic table are given below. a) Which of the compounds #CH_4# and #SiH_4# has stronger intermolecular forces? b) Explain why the boiling points of #H_2O# and #H_2S# show different trends from that of #CH_4# and #SiH_4#
28.
The diagram below shows the bonding between aluminium chloride and ammonia. (a) Name the types of bonds that exist in the molecule. (b) How many electrons are used for bonding in the molecule?
29.
(a) Other than their location in the atom,name two other differences between an electron and a proton. (b) The table below gives the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in particles A, B,C,D, E,F and G. (i) Which particle is likely to be a halogen? (ii) What is the mass number of E? (iii) Write the formula of the compound formed when E combines with G. (iv) Name the type of bond formed in
30.
Ammonium ion has the following structure: Label on the structure: (a) Covalent bond (b) Coordinate (dative) bond.
31.
The grid below is part of the periodic table. Use it to answer the questions that follow. (The letters are not the actual symbols of the elements.) a) Which is the most reactive non-metallic element shown in the table? Explain. b) i) Write the formula of the compound formed when element A reacts with element B. ii) Name the bond type in the compound formed in b (i) above. (iii) What is the name
32.
In terms of structure and bonding, explain the following observation (a) The melting point of aluminium is higher than that of sodium (b) Melting point of chlorine is lower than that of sulphur.
33.
Given that the atomic number of Y is 13 and that of Z is 9. (a) Write the electronic arrangement of Y and Z. (b) Draw the (.) and (x) diagram for compound formed by Y and Z.
34.
A crystal of iodine, heated gently in a test tube gave off a purple vapour. (a) Write the formula of the substance responsible for the purple vapour. (b) What type of bond is broken when the iodine crystal is heated gently?
35.
The atomic numbers of some elements P, Q, R and S are 6, 8, 12 and 17 respectively. (a) Draw the dot (•) and cross (X) diagrams for the compounds formed when: (i) R and Q react (ii) P and S react. (b) Explain why the melting point of the compound formed by P and S is lower than that formed by R and Q.
36.
In terms of structure and bonding, explain why graphite is used as a lubricant in machines.
37.
Element U has atomic number 12 while element V has atomic number 16. How do the melting points of their oxides compare? Explain.
38.
Table 1 shows the properties of two chlorides, D and E. (a) State the type of bond present in: (i) D (ii) E (b) Explain in terms of structure and bonding, the difference in electrical activity of the chlorides D and E.
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