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Structure of the atom and the periodic table questions and answers
Distinguish between ionization energy and electron affinity of an element.
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1.
The electron arrangement of ions #X^(3+# and #Y^(2-# are 2, 8 and 2, 8, 8 respectively. (a) Write an electronic arrangement of the elements X and Y. (b) Write the formula of the compound that would be formed between X and Y.
2.
With reference to atomic number of one, explain why hydrogen can be placed in either group I and VII of the periodic table.
3.
Complete the table below.
4.
The electronic structures for elements represented by letters A, B, C and D are A 2.8.6 B 2.8.2 C 2.8.1 D 2.8.8 (a) Select the element which forms: (i) A double charged cation (ii) A soluble carbonate (b) Which element has the shortest atomic radius?
5.
(a) Write the electronic configuration of calcium (atomic number 20) and beryllium (atomic number 4). (b) Why is calcium more reactive than beryllium.
6.
An ion of phosphorus can be represented as#\ _21^31p^(3-#. Draw a diagram to show the distribution of the electrons and composition of the nucleus of the ion of phosphorus.
7.
Use the information in the table below to answer the question that follows. (The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements) (a) Which two letters represent the same element? Give a reason. (b) Give the number of neutrons in an atom of element D.
8.
The table below show the relative atomic masses and the percentage abundance of the isotopes L1 and L2 of element L. Calculate the relative atomic mass of element L
9.
The table below shows the number of valence electrons of the element P, Q and R. (a) Explain why P and R would not be expected to form a compound. (b) Write an equation to show the effect of heat on the carbonate of R. (c) Write the formula of the most stable ion of Q.
10.
(a) What is meant by the terms: (i) Element (ii) atomic number (b) The formula for a chloride of titanium is #TiCl_3#. What is the formula of its sulphate?
11.
The atomic number of phosphorus, sulphur and potassium are 15, 16 and 19 respectively. The formulae of their ions are# P^(3-#, #S^(2-# and #K^(+#. These ions have the same number of electrons. (a) Write the electron arrangement of the ions (b) Arrange the ions in the order of increasing ionic radius starting with smallest. Give a reason for the order.
12.
The table below gives the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in a substance X, Y and Z. study it and answer the question that follow. (a) Which letter represents an ion? (b) Which of the substance are isotopes? Give a reason.
13.
What name is given to an element which appears in group (II) of the periodic table?
14.
Distinguish between ionization energy and electron affinity of an element.
15.
A sample of hydrogen gas was found to be a mixture of two isotopes, #\ _1^1H# and #\ _1^2H#. Determine the relative molecular mass of the molecules formed, when each of these isotopes is burnt in oxygen (O=16.0)
16.
(a) What is meant by the term radial? (b) The table below contains atoms that form common radicals. Complete the table to show the radicals formed from various atoms
17.
The atomic number of an element, T is 15. (a) Write the electronic configuration of the ion #T^(3-# (b) Write the formula of an oxide of T.
18.
The table below shows behavior of metals R, X, Y and Z. Study it and answers the questions that follow. (a) Arrange the metals in the order of reactivity starting with most reactive. (b) Name a metal which likely to be: (i) X (ii) Y
19.
The table below is part of the periodic table. The letters are not the actual symbols of the elements. Study it answer the questions that follow. (a) Select an element which is stored in paraffin in the laboratory (b) How do ionic radii of E and I compare? Explain.
20.
Table 1 shows the atomic numbers and the first ionization energies of three elements. The letters are not the actual symbols of the elements. Use it to answer the questions that follow. (a) Explain the trend in first ionization energy from A to C (b) Write the electronic configuration for the ion of C.
21.
Figure 5 represents a grid that is part of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that follow. (a) Write the electron arrangement of element C (b) On the grid provided, show with a tick the position of element D whose atomic number is 18. (c) Element E is more reactive than A. Explain.
22.
#\ _8^16X# and #\ _8^18X# are isotopes of element X. They occur naturally in the ratio of 9:1 respectively. Calculate the relative atomic mass of element X
23.
(a) What is isotope? (b) Determine the number of neutrons in #\ _8^18O#.
24.
Figure 6 shows part of the periodic table. The letters are not the actual symbols of the elements. Study it and answer the questions that follow. (a) Write an equation for the reaction between M and K. (b) Select the element which can form an ion with a charge of +3 (c) An element J has atomic number 15. Indicate with a tick, on the part of the periodic table the position of J.
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